How do airline companies make money?

I mean, i can fly return to Germany (from Ireland) for €11 including taxes.
How do they make enough money to cover the flight fuel, staff, etc etc?

Answers:
Think of it this way, EasyJet charge over £400,000 a day in excess baggage in Stansted, Luton and Gatwick. You do the maths! Fuel isnt as expencive as you would think, infact many airlines fly into the UK espically because we actually have the cheapest JET A1 fuel. Amazing fact! Airlines have to spend a certain amount of money to make money. Many airlines only lease their aircraft, so that means they pay 'per month' if you like for a plane and in that cost it covers maintancance, service etc. Titan Airways lease aircraft fomr London Stansted, a 757 220 seater only costs £70,000 a day to lease! A bargain price if you ask me.
Perhaps they rip the expats? Don't know.
my husband is an airline pilot for ryanair so i feel im well imformed to answer this question for once..even if it was free.what they sell on board covers the cost. and the government also pays them per flight..
Possibly by the price going up 10 fold if you book closer to the departure date.
£10 for a meal that wouldn't feed a sparrow helps duty free over priced drinks its no wonder ryanair does not wont security checks
They sell very few seats at €11 - they will make a few available (maybe 20%) early on for that price so they can advertise it, then sell more seats at a higher price.

If there are still seats left on the flight a few weeks before departure, they'll sell those seats cheap (having hopefully already sold enough higher-priced tickets to make a profit) they may sell any remaining seats cheap, as the flight is already paid for, and any additional seat sold are almost pure profit.
Don't forget they are flying a lot of cargo, air mail letters and packages, and moving COMAT (company owned material, parts for repairs so they don't have to pay shipping charges) so on every flight they have other revenue streams besides just the passengers.
Let me ans er this in one question.Why do you think plane tickets are so expensive
They rummage through your luggage and sell the most expensive items and drink the rest.
Investors, cutting costs, limiting services, INVESTORS
They make money by figuring something like we have 137 seats onboard if jet fuel is at 4.37 a gallong and we use 2,000 gallons plus we have to figure in the luggage and the snack they get there price per ticket. It could be more expensive closer to the flight if it is not that full of if jet fuel is throught the roof.
They survive on government subsidies.
The printing press in the cockpit,Dollars,Lire,Euros,Pou.
one time someone asked the boss of ryanair how he made money on his flights, and he answered "funerals".

the point is - the cheap seats make up only a proportion of the flight and are the best publicity for the airline - others who need to fly at short notice pay a lot more

another point is that the cheap airlines choose heavy traffic routes where they can average 80% capacity or more on flights
Someone once asked Richard Branson, 'How do you become a millionaire?' He replied, 'Firstly start out as a billionaire, then buy an airline' (or words to that effect)
Have a look at the link below to give you some idea.

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