Why are pistons flat top, dome top and chamber top?
Answers:
It has to do with the compression of the engine. A normal car engine would have say 9:1. If you put in a dome top it would decrease the amount of space in the cylinder. This creates higher compression because when the pistons are at top dead centre there is a smaller area with the same amount of air and fuel to compress. Higher compression would be say 10:1 or maybe more. Some pistons are cut with a relief for the valves and have two flat spots in them to clear. Some have a dish shape to them to decrease compression. Hope this helps!!
thats the way they are made.also you left out dishpan heads which make more horsies
Flat top is mild to moderate performance with mild compression.
Domed top is Usually High performance High compression
DIshed is low compression non performance,non supercharged.
They also are low compression High performance on supercharged and turbocharged engines requiring boost.
The answer is more relative to swirl and squish than CR. To raise and lower CR you alter either the piston, the effective head height or the profile of the head chamber. (This is true for Auto manufactures where as a home build may only have the option of altering CR by piston profile)
The main reason for flat top dome and chamber tops is the burn zone will Be in different areas on a flat top most of the burn will be in the head. On a bowl piston the burn will be in the piston head. This affects swirl and squish which have a major affect on efficiency and performance.
Quite often this is due to a common cylinder head being used on several engines of different swept volumes to keep the compression ratio constant.
RoyS
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