What is the name of the sausage shaped cylinder just after the main water supply tap?

It is in the box where the water supply enters our flat, and it is cracked.oh well

Answers:
it's either a pressure regulator or a back flow preventer.. the pressure regulator maintains a pressure adequate enough for good flow but not too high as to burst pipes or fittings.the backflow preventer is designed so water can only flow one way through the supply pipe, preventing contamination of the water supply .
possibly its a filter?
Could be a fitting for hard water if you rent the property have the owner check it out, If it was a water filter you would have access to change the filter as they need to be changed every year but fitting for hard water is supposed to change the electrodes in the minerals
it's a filter or a water meter.
It's a filter. It filters sausages and any other foreign particles out of the water.
Could also be a "wiped joint" between an old lead pipe and a newer copper or iron one. In this case, get rid of any lead pipe completely.

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