Anybody know of any tests/measures for assessing motor development in infants?
I'm looking for some measure that could be used to assess motor dysfunction and development in infants one year and younger, especially those that might implicate cerebellar dysfunction.
Thank you!
Answers:
Some simple reflexes:-
Don't forget, babies should not be floppy when they are born.
Under 4 weeks of age the child should demonstrate an involuntary palmar grip response, which means if your put your finger in the baby's palm and pull away the child's fingers should grip yours. Baby should be generally flexed.
The same should work for the toes, but this is often confused with Babinski's response. As the child develops and learns to stand/walk, the toes will react to contact with the ground by gripping, and this is a LEARNED reflex. Primitive reflexes will cause the child to pull their toes away from a stimulus to the sole of the foot below around 8months of age although their toes will still grasp a finger. Try running your thumb nail up the sole of the child's foot. His/her toes should curl upwards (extensor plantar response) below 8months of age, and start to curl downwards (flexor plantar) as the child begins to 'find his/her feet'.
The rooting reflex is a good one and should be present from birth. Gently stroke the baby's cheek at the side of the mouth. The baby should turn towards the stimulus as if searching for the nipple. It's a basic feeding response that tends to disappear around 8months.
The Moro or Startle response looks cruel but is a great primitive reflex and should also be present from birth. Supporting the baby's head, rapidly lower the baby through around 10 inches. The baby should extend his/her arms and be upset (this one we tend to maintain). Don't try this more than twice.
Most baby's will display a placing response up until 2months of age. Hold baby upright close to a table edge. He/she should try to 'place' his/her feet on the table and gently push upwards.
The Asymmetric Tonic Neck reflex develops around 4weeks (and the involuntary finger grasp is lost) to stop baby rolling over accidentally. With baby lying on their back, turn his/her head to one side. Baby should extend the arm and leg on that side leaving the opposite side flexed. This can be present until 6months of age.
Crossed extension works in the same way. With baby lying on his/her back, stretch out one leg and the opposit arm should extend. It's also thought to be a precursor to crawling, although it disappears around 4months.
As the child starts to walk or from about 8months, the parachute reflex starts to develop. Holding the child face down, rapidly lower the him/her through arond 10 inches. He/she should extend both arms like a parachute (again we should still be doing this in later life).
The reality is that it's very difficult to fully assess how a child may develop. They may be perfectly normal after having a mixed pattern of reflexes. Good luck!
you need to first study the normal milestones in his physcicological and physical development
try webmd ---cerebral palsy, exams and tests
also
www.unu.edu/Unupress/
food/V201e/ch06.htm
also easter seals and united cerebral palsy
The profession of physical therapy is devoted to determining ascessing and treating infants with motor dysfunction (adults too)
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Thank you!
Answers:
Some simple reflexes:-
Don't forget, babies should not be floppy when they are born.
Under 4 weeks of age the child should demonstrate an involuntary palmar grip response, which means if your put your finger in the baby's palm and pull away the child's fingers should grip yours. Baby should be generally flexed.
The same should work for the toes, but this is often confused with Babinski's response. As the child develops and learns to stand/walk, the toes will react to contact with the ground by gripping, and this is a LEARNED reflex. Primitive reflexes will cause the child to pull their toes away from a stimulus to the sole of the foot below around 8months of age although their toes will still grasp a finger. Try running your thumb nail up the sole of the child's foot. His/her toes should curl upwards (extensor plantar response) below 8months of age, and start to curl downwards (flexor plantar) as the child begins to 'find his/her feet'.
The rooting reflex is a good one and should be present from birth. Gently stroke the baby's cheek at the side of the mouth. The baby should turn towards the stimulus as if searching for the nipple. It's a basic feeding response that tends to disappear around 8months.
The Moro or Startle response looks cruel but is a great primitive reflex and should also be present from birth. Supporting the baby's head, rapidly lower the baby through around 10 inches. The baby should extend his/her arms and be upset (this one we tend to maintain). Don't try this more than twice.
Most baby's will display a placing response up until 2months of age. Hold baby upright close to a table edge. He/she should try to 'place' his/her feet on the table and gently push upwards.
The Asymmetric Tonic Neck reflex develops around 4weeks (and the involuntary finger grasp is lost) to stop baby rolling over accidentally. With baby lying on their back, turn his/her head to one side. Baby should extend the arm and leg on that side leaving the opposite side flexed. This can be present until 6months of age.
Crossed extension works in the same way. With baby lying on his/her back, stretch out one leg and the opposit arm should extend. It's also thought to be a precursor to crawling, although it disappears around 4months.
As the child starts to walk or from about 8months, the parachute reflex starts to develop. Holding the child face down, rapidly lower the him/her through arond 10 inches. He/she should extend both arms like a parachute (again we should still be doing this in later life).
The reality is that it's very difficult to fully assess how a child may develop. They may be perfectly normal after having a mixed pattern of reflexes. Good luck!
you need to first study the normal milestones in his physcicological and physical development
try webmd ---cerebral palsy, exams and tests
also
www.unu.edu/Unupress/
food/V201e/ch06.htm
also easter seals and united cerebral palsy
The profession of physical therapy is devoted to determining ascessing and treating infants with motor dysfunction (adults too)
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