The three protonation states of a naturally occuring amino acid..HELP!!?
Hi,
In naturally occuring amino acids there are three different protonation states, does anyone know what these are and where i can find some information on them..?
THANX!
Answers:
Well, it varies within the amino acid. All amino acids have a carboxylic acid group--one site of protonation. They all have an amino terminal group--a second site of protonation. Some amino acids cannot be further protonated at physiological pH. Those with the appropriate R groups (side chains) can be further protonated--many times. In the 20 naturally occuring amino acids, side chain protonation is limited to +/- 1 at physiological pH. Thus, there are more than 3 protonation states--it can be neutral (no charges anywhere--this does not occur in physiological envirnoments)--it can be zwitterionic (both a positive and negative charge--the common state in physiological pH)--it can have just a + or just a - charge (uncommon at physiological pH)--and then the side chains can be charged in various states.
I think, however, the simple answer that you are looking for is this: Amino acids can be either positively charges, negatively charged, or neutral (zwitterionic).
Im not sure if the following site id quite what you need but it may be worth a look.
The clue is in the name amino acid. They have an amine group and a carboxylic acid group both of which can be protonated or deprotonated depending upon the pH. At physiological pH the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (COO-) and the amine group is charged (NH3+) (making it zwitterionic). However at high pH the amine group can become deprotonated forming NH2 (with COO- at the carobxyl end). At low pH the Carboxylic acid is protonated to COOH (with NH3+ at the amino end). These are the three protonation states of amino acids.
However some amino acids have charged side chains which can also change protonation state.
Any basic biochemistry text book should have an extensive section on the different amino acids but this website explains it well. Look under the section on acid-base properties of amino acids.
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/ami.
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In naturally occuring amino acids there are three different protonation states, does anyone know what these are and where i can find some information on them..?
THANX!
Answers:
Well, it varies within the amino acid. All amino acids have a carboxylic acid group--one site of protonation. They all have an amino terminal group--a second site of protonation. Some amino acids cannot be further protonated at physiological pH. Those with the appropriate R groups (side chains) can be further protonated--many times. In the 20 naturally occuring amino acids, side chain protonation is limited to +/- 1 at physiological pH. Thus, there are more than 3 protonation states--it can be neutral (no charges anywhere--this does not occur in physiological envirnoments)--it can be zwitterionic (both a positive and negative charge--the common state in physiological pH)--it can have just a + or just a - charge (uncommon at physiological pH)--and then the side chains can be charged in various states.
I think, however, the simple answer that you are looking for is this: Amino acids can be either positively charges, negatively charged, or neutral (zwitterionic).
Im not sure if the following site id quite what you need but it may be worth a look.
The clue is in the name amino acid. They have an amine group and a carboxylic acid group both of which can be protonated or deprotonated depending upon the pH. At physiological pH the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (COO-) and the amine group is charged (NH3+) (making it zwitterionic). However at high pH the amine group can become deprotonated forming NH2 (with COO- at the carobxyl end). At low pH the Carboxylic acid is protonated to COOH (with NH3+ at the amino end). These are the three protonation states of amino acids.
However some amino acids have charged side chains which can also change protonation state.
Any basic biochemistry text book should have an extensive section on the different amino acids but this website explains it well. Look under the section on acid-base properties of amino acids.
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/ami.
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